guillotine

简明英汉词典

guillotine

[5^ilEti:n, ^ilE5ti:n]

n.

断头台, (切纸的)闸刀

v.

处斩刑, 切(纸)

美国传统词典[双解]

guillotine

guil.lo.tine

AHD:[g1l“…-t?n”, g?“…-]

D.J.[6gil*7ti8n, 6gi8*-]

K.K.[6g!l*7tin, 6gi*-]

n.（名词）

(1)A device consisting of a heavy blade held aloft between upright guides and dropped to behead the victim below.

断头台：利用垂直向下砍落的重斧斩落犯人头颅的装置

(2)An instrument, such as a paper cutter, similar in action to a guillotine.

闸刀：一种类似断头台的工具，如剪纸机

v.tr.（及物动词）

guil.lo.tined， guil.lo.tin.ing， guil.lo.tines

(1)To behead with a guillotine.

斩决：在断头台上斩决

(2)To cut with or as if with a guillotine.

剪，铡：用闸刀或类似闸刀的工具剪

语源

(1)French

法语

(2)after Joseph Ignace Guillotin (1738-1814), French physician

源自约瑟夫·英格纳斯· 吉约坦 (1738-1814年），法国医生

注释

“At half past 12 the guillotine severed her head from her body.” So reads the statement containing the first recorded use of guillotine in English, found in the Annual Register of 1793. The word occurs in a context clearly illustrating the function of the guillotine, “a machine with a heavy blade that falls freely between upright guides to behead a condemned person.” Ironically, the guillotine, which became the most notable symbol of the excesses of the French Revolution, was named for a humanitarian physician, Joseph Ignace Guillotin. Guillotin, a member of the French Constituent Assembly, recommended in a speech to that body on October 10, 1789, that executions be performed by a beheading device rather than by hanging, the method used for commoners, or by the sword, reserved for the nobility. He argued that beheading by machine was quicker and less painful than the work of the rope and the sword. In 1791 the Assembly did indeed adopt beheading by machine as the state's preferred method of execution. A beheading device designed by Dr. Antoine Louis, secretary of the College of Surgeons, was first used on April 25, 1792, to execute a highwayman named Pelletier or Peletier. The device was called a louisette or louison after its inventor's name, but because of Guillotin's famous speech, his name became irrevocably associated with the machine. After Guillotin's death in 1814, his children tried unsuccessfully to get the device's name changed. When their efforts failed, they were allowed to change their name instead.

“十二点半，断头台斩落了他的头颅。”这句话如此写道。这是英语文章中第一次使用guillotine 这个词， 它出现在1793年的年度文摘 中。 该文中，该词清楚地体现了guillotine 的功用——“利用垂直向下砍落的重斧斩落犯人头颅的机器。” 令人啼笑皆非的是，这一成为法国大革命中恐怖暴行最显著标志的断头台，竟是因一个人文主义医生，约瑟夫·英格纳斯·吉约坦命名的。吉约坦是法国国民代表大会的成员，在1789年10月的一次发言中向大会提出，在处决犯人时以一种砍头的机器来代替处决普通犯人时所用的绞刑或是处决贵族时使用的宝剑。他认为用机器砍头比用绳子或宝剑快而且痛苦小。1791年，国民大会确实将用机器砍头定为国家处决犯人的方法。由外科医生院秘书长安东尼·路易医生设计的砍头装置在1792年4月25日处决拦路强盗佩尔蒂或佩尔捷时第一次使用。这个装置被称为路易塞特 或 路易森 ， 因由其发明者而得名。但是由于吉约坦那次著名的发言，他的名字不可避免地与这种机器联系在一起。1814年吉约坦死后，他的子孙试图为这种机器换个名字,但没有成功。当他们的努力失败后，他们得到允许，改换了自己的名字

现代英汉词典

guillotine

[5^IlEti:n]

n.

(1)（法国革命时期用的）断头台

(2)〈机〉切纸机

(3)（议会确定的）截止辩论并将议案付诸表决的时间

词性变化

guillotine

vt.

-tined, -tining

(1)用断头台斩决

(2)终止辩论将议案付诸表决

现代英汉综合大辞典

guillotine

[5^ilEti:n, ^ilE5ti:n]

n.

(1)断头台

(2)切纸机

(3)(外科医生用的)环状刀

(4)(议会)中止辩论(在预定时间对议案进行表决)

(5)【物】截流器

(6)剪床, 剪切机

(7)轧刀

(8)裁纸机

guillotine amputation

【医】外科截断术

词性变化

guillotine

[5^ilEti:n, ^ilE5ti:n]

vt.

(1)把...送上断头台

(2)(用剪断机等)剪断[切割]

(3)割除(扁桃腺)

(4)[英]对(某一议案)中止辩论而进行表决

继承用法

guillotinement

n.

习惯用语

The guillotine falls.

终止辩论(以防止拖延议案表决日期)

[七国语言]英汉机械大词典

guillotine

截切机, 剪板机

[七国语言]英汉轻工业大词典

guillotine

龙门剪床, 铡板机

英汉双解计算机词典

guillotine

切纸机

In a document copying machine, a device that cuts a predetermined length of copy material from a roll.

资料复制机中的一种装置,用来把复印资料从卷纸装置上按预定长度切断。

美国传统词典

guillotine

guil.lo.tine

AHD:[g1l“…-t?n”, g?“…-]

D.J.[6gil*7ti8n, 6gi8*-]

K.K.[6g!l*7tin, 6gi*-]

n.

(1)A device consisting of a heavy blade held aloft between upright guides and dropped to behead the victim below.

(2)An instrument, such as a paper cutter, similar in action to a guillotine.

v.tr.

guil.lo.tined, guil.lo.tin.ing, guil.lo.tines

(1)To behead with a guillotine.

(2)To cut with or as if with a guillotine.

语源

(1)French

(2)after Joseph Ignace Guillotin (1738-1814), French physician

注释

“At half past 12 the guillotine severed her head from her body.” So reads the statement containing the first recorded use of guillotine in English, found in the Annual Register of 1793. The word occurs in a context clearly illustrating the function of the guillotine, “a machine with a heavy blade that falls freely between upright guides to behead a condemned person.” Ironically, the guillotine, which became the most notable symbol of the excesses of the French Revolution, was named for a humanitarian physician, Joseph Ignace Guillotin. Guillotin, a member of the French Constituent Assembly, recommended in a speech to that body on October 10, 1789, that executions be performed by a beheading device rather than by hanging, the method used for commoners, or by the sword, reserved for the nobility. He argued that beheading by machine was quicker and less painful than the work of the rope and the sword. In 1791 the Assembly did indeed adopt beheading by machine as the state's preferred method of execution. A beheading device designed by Dr. Antoine Louis, secretary of the College of Surgeons, was first used on April 25, 1792, to execute a highwayman named Pelletier or Peletier. The device was called a louisette or louison after its inventor's name, but because of Guillotin's famous speech, his name became irrevocably associated with the machine. After Guillotin's death in 1814, his children tried unsuccessfully to get the device's name changed. When their efforts failed, they were allowed to change their name instead.

英汉船舶大词典

guillotine

n.剪断机,闸刀式剪切机

英汉法学大词典

guillotine

n.断头台

英汉纺织大词典

guillotine

n.截切机

英汉航海大词典

guillotine

n.截止审议

英汉航空大词典

guillotine

n.剪断机,截断器

英汉化学大词典

guillotine

n.剪断机;vt.用截断机截断

英汉海运大词典

guillotine

剪断机

英汉进出口商品词汇大全

guillotine

①闸刀,铡刀②裁切机,剪板机

英汉经贸大词典

guillotine

n.截止审议

英汉计算机大词典

guillotine

n.剪断机;vt.用截断机截断

英汉机械大词典

guillotine

n.剪床

英汉建筑大词典

guillotine

n.截断机,轧刀

英汉农牧林大词典

guillotine

n.剪断机,切截机

英汉水利大词典

guillotine

n.截断机,裁切机,剪切要机

英汉冶金大词典

guillotine

n.铡刀,剪切机

英汉医学大词典

guillotine

n.铡除刀